Major General Henry Tureman Allen Collection

Henry Tureman Allen was born on April 13, 1859 in Sharpsburg, Kentucky. His parents were Susan (Shumate) and Sanford Allen. He was the thirteenth of fourteen children. After attending Peeks Mill Military Academy, he attended Georgetown College and graduated in 1878. He then transferred to the United States Military Academy at West Point where he graduated in 1882. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the cavalry and assigned to Alaska in 1884. Allen is most well-known for the expedition he led in 1885, which explored the Copper River, along with the Tanana and Koyukuk Rivers. In total, Allen and his expedition explored through roughly 15,000 miles of unexplored wilderness in only five months traveling 1,500 miles.

From 1888 to 1890, he worked as an instructor at West Point followed by a tour of duty in the old American West at Fort Keogh, Montana Territory where he guarded the Northern Pacific Railroad while it was under construction. This was followed by tours of duty as a military attache to Russia (1890-1895) and Germany (1897-1898). When the Spanish-American War began, he was assigned to the 2nd Cavalry Regiment and participated in the Battle of El Caney in Cuba. In 1899, he was reassigned to the Philippines where he worked to suppress insurgents. In 1907, then Major Allen returned to the United States. In 1910, he joined the Army General Staff as a cavalry expert. In August 1912 he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and then in July 1916 he became a Colonel. He assumed command of the 8th Cavalry Regiment and led them during the Punitive Expedition, in which Brigadier General John J. Pershing attempted to capture Pancho Villa.

After the United States entered World War I, Allen was promoted to Brigadier General in May 1917, and made a temporary Major General in command of the 90th Infantry Division at Camp Travis, Texas. In May 1918, his unit was reassigned to France where it participated in the final allied push along the St. Mihiel salient. After the war, Allen was appointed commander of the American Forces in Germany in July 1919. From 1919 to 1923, he acted as military governor of the American zone of occupation around Coblenz. He was also a member of the Inter-Allied Rhineland and High Commission.

In 1923 he was promoted to the permanent rank of Major General. That same year he retired from the Army. Following his retirement, he lived in Washington, D.C., where he wrote two books about his time in the Rhineland. Allen served as the executive officer and Vice-President of the American Olympic Committee for the 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1928, despite being nearly 70 years old, he was considered as a vice-presidential running mate for Democrat Al Smith.

General Allen died in Buena Vista Springs, Pennsylvania on August 29, 1930. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.