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Night Fighters of World War II Historical Collection

 Collection
Identifier: MS-120

Scope and Content

The collection is composed of official records of the Night Fighters Association incorporated in 1951, the WWII Night Fighters organization incorporated in 1984 which dissolved in 2001, as well as personal papers from members of various night fighter squadrons. A series was established for each individual donor to the collection, most of whom were night fighters. These papers are not comprehensive, but among these individual series are pilots' tests and certificates, squadron reports, individual flight records, rosters, transfer orders, unpublished chronologies of the 6th and 417th Night Fighter Squadrons, photographs, and some miscellaneous material.

Series XV contains official records and financial records of the Night Fighters Association and the WWII Night Fighters organization, including articles of incorporation, minutes, newsletters, and correspondence. The collection also includes cassettes and a reel-to-reel tape of the 1978 Night Fighters Reunion held in Dayton, Ohio, and a taped interview with Gordon T. Timmons, who was at one time, commander of the 415th Night Fighter Squadron. SERIES DESCRIPTION

I. Kent Blyler Papers, Undated A poem which Mr. Blyler found in his old diary. He maintained the diary while stationed on Guadalcanal with the 6thNight Fighter Squadron.

II. Robert W. Boucher Papers, 1943-1946 Pilots' tests and certificates, squadron reports, individual flight records, photographs, and miscellaneous material. Mr. Boucher served with the 421st and the 548th Night Fighter Squadrons.

III. Don Dessert Papers, 1976 An article copied from Air Classics, August 1976, titled,"Night Lightning." Mr. Dessert is mentioned in the article.

IV. Dick Ehlert Papers, 1942-1944 First draft of a chronology taken from Mr. Ehlert's diary.It gives a good account of his experiences as a night fighter in the Pacific. He was a member of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron.

V. Joe Gonzales Papers, 1943 A copy of a chronology of the 417th Night Fighter Squadron.It gives a good account of their training, and experiences while being transported overseas. Many of the men in the squadron are mentioned, as well as their ranks. The chronology ends abruptly,the rest having been lost.

VI. Edward F. Jones Papers, 1944-1945 Rosters, transfer orders, and commendations pertaining to Mr. Jones' participation in the military.

VII. George R. Ludlow Photographs, 1945 Three photographs of German concentration camp victims at Furth, Germany.

VIII. William C. Odell Papers, 1942 One copy of an Individual Flight Record and one copy of a page from a diary. The two pages seem to indicate that there was a night fighter squadron in existence as early as April, 1942.

IX. Earl Tigner Photographs, 1945 Photographs of Iwo Jima and the 549th Night Fighter Squadron which was stationed there. A CD containing digital copies of these images was added to the series in 2006.

X. Thomas C. Tillman Papers, 1970-71 Several papers pertaining to the retirement and death of Thomas Tillman, an award that he received in 1970, and a pamphlet containing his biography.

XI. Gordon T. Timmons Interview, 1978 An interview with Gordon Timmons, who was at one time,commander of the 415th Night Fighter Squadron. He also served with the 421st Night Fighter Squadron. The interview was conducted by Susan Smith sometime between June 30, and July 2,1978.

XII. Night Fighters' Reunion, June 30, - July 2, 1978 Two cassette tapes and one reel-to-reel tape of the speeches made at the reunion. The reel-to-reel tape is a duplicate of the cassette tapes. The speakers include Jimmy Doolittle, Colonel Richard Upstromm, who is the director of the Air Force Museum in Dayton, Ohio (as of October 1981), and individuals who served as night fighters.

XIII. Gary Olson Drawings, 1988 Donated in 2006 by Earl Tigner, this series contains four black ink drawings of aircraft flown by Night Fighter programs.The drawings are #74 of a limited production series. The four aircraft include the Northrop P-61B, the Douglas P-70, the deHavilland Mosquito, and the Bristol Beaufighter.

XIV. Earl Tigner Books on P-61 Donated in 2006 by Earl Tigner, this series contains four books about the Northrop P-61. These books are being cataloged into the Archive's Reading Room collection.

XV. WWII Night Fighters Records Donated in March 2005, this series consists mainly of financial records of the organization. Also included are correspondence.

XVI. Frank Bosch Papers, 2005. These papers were donated by his wife in 2005. They consist of material relating to the Night Fighters Association. This series contains some issues of the Night Fighters Newsletter,correspondence, articles pertaining to the Night Fighters, and rosters of the men who served in the various Night Fighter Squadrons.

XVII. William Graham Papers These materials were donated to the archives in 1999. Items in this series consist of photographs, a brief biography of William Graham, and some of his records.

Series XVIII: Richard Dawson Papers, 1942-1945. These materials were donated by his son Peter Dawson in 2017. This series includes Richard Dawson’s enlistment papers and special orders, dated April 1942. It also includes 11 photographs of the 415th Night Fighter Squadron, of which Richard Dawson was a member, serving in North Africa, Italy, France, and Germany, from 1943-1945.

Series XIX: Night Fighters’ Reunion, 2007. These materials were donated by Peter Dawson in 2017. This series includes digital photographs and video from the Night Fighter 2007 Reunion, held at the Mid-Atlantic Air Museum in Reading, Pennsylvania, September 17-18, 2007. The materials appear to have been created and originally distributed by Richard H. Ziebart, who organized the reunion. The materials include 4 video DVDs featuring speakers at the reunion, 1 DVD of over 400 digital photographs, and 1 CD containing a PDF of reunion photographs. There is also a newsletter, which includes page-by-page captions for the photographs included in the PDF.

Dates

  • Creation: 1942-2007
  • Creation: Majority of material found within 1942-1978

Creator

Restrictions on Access

There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection with the exception of audiotapes and electronic files.

Due to preservation concerns, original audio and video materials cannot be accessed in the reading room. Patrons may have access to reference copies. Items without reference copies can be digitized at the request of a patron for the cost of creating a digital copy. Please provide us at least two (2) weeks advance notice if you would like to request an audio or video reference copy. Call (937) 775-2092 or e-mail us at archives@www.libraries.wright.edu. Use of digitized content is subject to conditions governing use.

Electronic files in this collection are not accessible until the files are fully processed. Requests to prioritize processing of electronic records in this collection can be submitted for consideration.

Restrictions on Use

Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.

History of Night Fighters of World War II

As early as 1940, American strategists had an interest in night flying. British fighter pilots were flying aircraft designed for day and night flying. The aircraft they flew were painted black on one side and a pale finish on the other side. These early night fighters relied on moonlight, searchlights, and sometimes ground based radar, since there were no radar-equipped aircraft.

In October 1940, Northrop Aircraft Inc., of Hawthorne, Calif.,was asked by the United States Air Corps to develop an aircraft that could be used specifically for night fighting. For the interim period, the Douglas P-70 Havoc bomber was used. It proved to be an ineffective night fighter. Some squadrons in Europe were flying British made Bristol Beaufighters, which also proved to be ineffective. By early 1944, the Northrop P-61Black Widow was put into service in the Pacific. It was in use in Europe by the summer of 1944. The aircraft received its nick-name because of the semi-shiny black color it was painted. This radar-equipped aircraft proved to be an excellent night fighter.

One of the few training schools for night-fighting crews was in Florida at Orlando Air Base. The training center was under the direction of the Fourth Air Force. All night fighter personnel were volunteers, the pilots having had day fighter training. In 1943 the instructors consisted of specialists from the Bell Telephone Laboratories, British night fighter crews, and American crews who had trained in England. The pilots were trained in Douglas P-70 Havocs, and the radar operators were trained in Beech AT-11's.

In 1944, the entire program was moved to Hammer Field in Calif.,with the Fourth Air Force still retaining command. At Hammer Field, British instructors were phased out.

The pilots and radar operators were officers, while the gunners and crew chiefs were usually enlisted men. It was necessary for the pilot and radar operator to work like a finely tuned machine,so it was important to avoid a conflict in personalities. Before coming to the school, the pilots were trained in North American B-25 Mitchells, with intensive work on instrument flying. During night fighter training, the pilot learned high and low altitude night fighting, evasive maneuvers, and aerial gunnery. It was necessary to establish close cooperation with Ground Controlled Interception. The GCI was important, since it brought the fighter to within close proximity of the target.

After graduation, the crews were sent overseas where they were attached to larger units. Once the crews left for overseas duty,the Fourth Air Force relinquished command of them. Night fighter squadrons served in the Pacific and in Europe.

In 1951, the Night Fighter Association was formally organized by former members of WWII night fighter squadrons. In 1984, the WWII Night Fighters organization was incorporated as an independent non-profit veterans organization with the purpose to promote and conduct fraternal activities by those who served in Night Fighter Squadrons during World War II, and to give financial assistance, when appropriate, to family members of deceased Night Fighters. The organization was dissolved in 2001.

Extent

3.00 linear feet

12.3 Gigabytes

Language of Materials

English

Abstract

Consists of records from the Night Fighters Association, WWII Night Fighters organization, and personal papers from members of the organization, relating to Night Fighter Squadrons serving in World War II. Includes pilot tests, squadron reports, individual flight records, rosters, unpublished chronologies of the 6th and 417th Night Fight Squadrons, and photographs. The collection also includes an audio recording of the 1978 Night Fighter Reunion held in Dayton, Ohio.

Statement of Arrangement

The collection is arranged into 19 series:

  1. Series I: Kent Blyler Papers
  2. Series II: Robert W. Boucher Papers
  3. Series III: Don Dessert Papers
  4. Series IV: Dick Ehlert Papers
  5. Series V: Joe Gonzales Papers
  6. Series VI: Edward F. Jones Papers
  7. Series VII: George R. Ludlow Photographs
  8. Series VIII: William C. Odell Papers
  9. Series IX: Earl Tigner Photographs
  10. Series X: Thomas C. Tillman Papers
  11. Series XI: Gordon T. Timmons Interview
  12. Series XII: Night Fighters' Reunion, 1978
  13. Series XIII: Gary Olson Drawings
  14. Series XIV Earl Tigner Books on P-61
  15. Series XV: WWII Night Fighters Records
  16. Series XVI: Frank Bosch Papers
  17. Series XVII: William Graham Papers
  18. Series XVIII: Richard Dawson Papers
  19. Series XIX: Night Fighters’ Reunion, 2007

Acquisition Information

The papers were acquired from individuals who had served as night fighters in Europe and in the Pacific.

Accruals

Additions may occur in the future.

Related Material

While this collection will be useful for a history of night fighters, it probably cannot stand as the sole source for such a history. The researcher should consult the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio, as well as the United States Air Force Historical Division at Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala., for additional material.

Separated Material

Four drawings by Gary Olson (donated by Earl Tigner), are located in oversize Location 4, folders 9-12.

Four books on the Northrop P-61, donated by Earl Tigner, are available in the reading room:

Pilot's Manual for Northrop P-61, Black Widow (1977). TL685.3 N67

Warren Thompson, Northrop P-61 Black Widow. Warbird Tech Series, Vol. 15 (1997). UG1242.F5 T465 1997

Garry R. Paper, with John M. and Donna Campbell, Northrop P-61: black Widow; The Complete History and Combat Record. (1991). UG1242.F5 P36 1991

Garry R. Paper and Ronald C. Harrison, Queen of the Midnight Skies: The Story of America's Air Force Night Fighters. (1992). UG1242.F5 P214 1992

Processing Information

Randall D. Green, 1981 October. Additions processed by Lynda Kachurek, 2006 October; Garret B. Kremer-Wright, 2007 May; Patricia A. McEldowney, 2012; Lisa Rickey, 2017. Finding aid revised according to DACS in 2015 by Toni Vanden Bos.

Subject

Title
Guide to the Night Fighters of World War II Historical Collection (MS-120)
Status
Completed
Author
Finding aid prepared by Randall D. Green, 1981
Date
2015
Description rules
Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Language of description
English
Script of description
Latin

Revision Statements

  • 2015: Toni Vanden Bos
  • 2017: Lisa Rickey

Repository Details

Part of the Special Collections Repository

Contact:
Wright State University Libraries
Special Collections and Archives
3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy
Dayton OH 45435-0001 USA
937-775-2092